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JWT Misuse

High · Authentication

OWASP Top 10:2025 (current)

Not directly mapped to a Top 10:2025 category — see CWE / CVE below.

CWE

CWE-347

CVE / class examples

  • Search NVD/CVE for product-specific instances of this CWE

All refs

CWE-347

Definition

alg=none, weak secrets, or trusting unverified claims.

Root cause

Homegrown JWT validation bugs.

Affected components

  • Components in the “Authentication” class
  • Application / API handlers
  • Supporting libraries

Impact

Auth bypass / privilege escalation.

Severity

High

Safe lab reproduction

PortSwigger JWT labs

Detection methodology

Token tampering tests; alg confusion checks.

Evidence examples

  • Lab reproduction notes: PortSwigger JWT labs
  • Request/response excerpts (redacted)
  • Detection signal: Token tampering tests; alg confusion checks

Remediation

Use vetted libraries; enforce alg allow-list; short TTL + rotation.

Secure coding examples

Never accept alg=none; validate iss/aud/exp.

Related CYNARKS lessons & labs

Tools: burp

Practise related skills in Labs or deepen on Academy library.